SKATE
Heelflip is a skateboarding maneuver invented by Rodney Mullen, initiating many other maneuvers. The skate leaves the ground and gives a full turn (or more than one) to the side (ie, forward, relative to the skater).

                                            

SKATEThe ollie is a trick street skate key, and is used to jump on, over or out of obstacles,or on different terrains, such as grass or stairs. Like so many other tricks depend on it - for example, the kickflip and heelflip - the ollie is often the first trick to be learned by a new skater. The ollie usually takes much practice to learn.

SKATE

The maneuver'' Backside'' is a maneuver that jumps when you turn it back andslides over the obstacle

SKATE

The kickflip is a type of  a maneuver which turns the skateboard in 360 degrees, along with the flip.  it is a 360 pop shov-it jointly with a backside flip. The U.S. of street skater Rodney Mullen was the creator of this maneuver.

The history of kitesurfing

Also called kiteboarding or flysurfing, kitesurfing is an extremely young sport with a very recent history. Kitesurfing involves standing on a surfboard in the water while holding and steering a multi-line kite in the air, which propels the surfer across the water. Although the sport originated from the advent of windsurfing and the kite itself, kitesurfing didn't truly emerge until the late 1990s and wasn't popular until the beginning of the 21st Century. Still, the brief history of kitesurfing is rich with scientific ingenuity and smart inventions. ORIGIN Although kites have been in existence for nearly 2,500 years and multi-line kites were invented back in 1826, the advent of kitesurfing is very recent, according to the Kitesurfing School. Kitesurfing has its design origins in traction kites, which were used to propel a vehicle over land, as well as snow, ice and water. The function of traction kites relies on the kite's ability to create its own "apparent wind," which essentially doubles the wind power from the actual wind. Although traction kites could provide better propelling power than traditional wind sails used in windsurfing, the materials and designs of kites couldn't allow launch from water. The birth of kitesurfing was dependent on the ability to launch and re-launch the kite directly from the water. The new sport also depended on design modifications of both windsurfing sails and various types of kites, notes South Coast Kitesurfing. Bahamas Kiteboarding 10hrs kiteboarding lessons, accommodation, transport: $1685 www.ExumaKitesurfing.com Sponsored Links DEVELOPMENT French brothers Bruno and Dominique Legaignoux were the first inventors to patent a curved-wing, inflatable kite for kitesurfing, notes South Coast Kitesurfing. Roland Le Bail then patented the delta wing kite called the "Bird Sail" in 1982, which enabled windsurfers to achieve higher jumps than standard windsurfing sails and boards. The Legaignoux brothers then tried a stack of 12 kites reinforced using fiberglass laths and boards, but the stack kites were too powerful and too difficult to launch. The brothers tried but failed to persuade manufacturers to test their new kitesurfing designs during the 1985 Speed Week in Brittany, France. Manufacturers weren't interested, because windsurfing was at its peak of popularity. As the Legaignoux brothers continued to work on better kite and board designs, other inventors also contributed to the birth of modern kitesurfing. During the 1980s, Bill and Cory Roeseler introduced the Kite Ski frame kite, according to the Kitesurfing School. In the late 1990s, closed cell foil kites were SIGNIFICANCE People who enjoy windsailing, flying stunt kites and traction kites or surfing are often attracted to the sport of kitesurfing. The first official kitesurfing World Cup was held in Hawaii in 1998, but the competition didn't draw many kitesurfers, notes the Kitesurfing School. Now there are multiple kitesurfing competitions on the local, regional, national and even international level. The International Kiteboarding Association is the world governing body of the sport, and many countries and regions have their own kitesurfing associations as well. MODERN DAY Today, there are hundreds of thousands of kitesurfers throughout the world, and that number is growing rapidly each year, according to the Kitesurfing School. Despite the sport's recent history, kitesurfing continues to grow rapidly in popularity throughout the world. All types of kitesurfing equipment and accessories are widely-available today, including kitesurfing kites, kiteboards, kite control devices, harnesses, wet suits, helmets and safety release systems. References: http://www.southcoastkitesurfing.org/history_of_kitesurfing.shtml http://kitesurfingschool.org/faqs.htm#How%20did%20it%20all%20start http://www.internationalkiteboarding.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81&Itemid=54 http://www.internationalkiteboarding.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81&Itemid=54

Slack line setup and story

                                                 Slackline setup

A slackline is commonly constructed with three sections of one-inch webbing: a long section of webbing (30–100 feet) strung tightly and connected to the two shorter sections (8–12 feet) that are called "tree slings" and are used as anchors on either end. The most difficult and widely discussed element of a slackline setup is the tensioning system. Common setups include simple friction methods, using wraps of webbing between two carabiners, a ratchet, a comealong, a carabiner pulley system a roped pulley system, or a commercial slackline kit.

                                                     Tree anchors
The most common anchors for slacklines are trees. Trees greater than 12" in diameter are considered ideal in most cases. There are several very effective methods of tree protection that function on two principles: eliminating abrasion, and redistributing load over a wider area. One of the most effective means of tree protection is a wrap of vertical blocks (1" x 1" cut into 6" pieces) strung together by drilling a small diameter hole through the center and running cord through them. Blocks are spaced evenly to prevent the anchor slings from contacting and abrading the outer bark and the length of the blocks distributes the load vertically as opposed to horizontally compressing a continuous line around the trunk. The addition of a carpet square between the block wrap and the outer bark is considered ideal among the founding community of slackliners. Many other ways to protect the tree are commonly used such as towels, mats, cardboard, carpet and purpose made tree protectors.
Using carpet squares or cardboard even, by themselves, only addresses abrasion, leaving the load concentrated on a small area of the tree. These methods would be adequate for occasional use, but with the high tensions of longlines one who slacklines regularly should take every precaution to protect the life of the tree.


                                                     Variations
A special characteristic of slacklining is the ease with which the dynamics of the practice can be altered. Using narrow (5/8-inch) webbing will result in a stretchier slackline. This allows for more sway in the line and can make a short line feel substantially longer. Wider webbing (2 inches) is much more rigid and has a tendency to twist and decrease the grip of the slackline and the foot. The tension of the line will also increase or decrease the sway of the line. Weight due to the different methods of tensioning will also vary the performance of a slackline. A comealong and a ratchet will both add enough weight to allow the feedback from quick movements on shorter slacklines to be felt.

                                                     History

While rope walking has been around in one manner or another for thousands of years, the origins of modern day slacklining are generally attributed to a pair of rock climbers while attending Olympia, Washington's The evergreen State College in 1979. Adam Grosowsky and Jeff Ellington started walking on loose chains and cables around Olympia, and quickly innovated the technique of stringing up 1" flat climbing webbing and walking it, employing the dynamics and flexibilty of the nylon webbing to develop tricks, including a three-pin tossing routine between two slackliners balanced simultaneously on the same line. Red Square, Evergreen's central campus plaza, was a convenient between-class practice area where they often drew crowds of spectators. Brooke Sandahl, another Evergreen student and frequent climbing partner of Grosowsky and Ellington, was also a very early practioner. Grosowsky and Ellington were fascinated with wirewalking history and circus culture, and in 1981 performed leashless on a 30' highline strung 25' over a concrete floor as part of a project to recreate a traditional one-ring circus in The Evergreen State College's main performance auditorium. During this period Grosowsky, who is now a regionally well-known Northwest artist, devoted much of his lithographic art to themes involving wirewalking and circus culture. The sport blossomed within the West Coast rock climbing community, and then branched out elsewhere all over the world.



                                               Highlining History
In 1983, Adam Grosowsky and Jeff Ellington set up a 55-foot (17 m) cable line at Yosemite's Lost Arrow Spire that was nearly 2,890 feet (880 m) high. However, neither of them were able to cross this line. The next year, Scott Balcom and Darrin Carter set up a highline in the same location, but used webbing instead of cable. In 1985, Scott Balcom crossed the now-famous line.In 1993, Darrin Carter became the second person to successfully cross the Lost Arrow Spire highline.On July 16, 2007, Libby Sauter became the first woman to successfully cross.On September 10, 2011, Chris Rigby and Balance Community Owner Jerry Miszewski established the Balance Community Backyard Highline Festival in Garden Valley, CA. There have been 5 highline festivals since and the next is scheduled for April 13-15. 8 Highlines will be setup ranging 50 to 400 feet long for highliners from across the U.S. to come train on.


                                                Tricklining History

In 2012, Andy Lewis performed a series of tricks on a Gibbon Slackline during Madonna's Super Bowl XLVI Halftime Show, a worldwide audience of 114 million people.

Styles of Slacklining

Styles of Slacklining

                                                          Urbanlining

         Urbanlining or urban slacklining combines all the different styles of slacklining. It is practiced in urban area, for example in city parks and on the streets. Most urban slackliners prefer wide 2-inch lines for tricklining on the streets, but some may use narrow (5/8-inch or 1-inch) lines for longline purposes or for waterlining on the beaches. Also see the other sections of slackline styles below.


                                                         Tricklining

       Tricklining is the most common type of slacklining because it can be set up between almost any two secure points. Tricklining is done low to the ground, and as such it is also often called "lowlining." A great number of tricks can be done on the line, and because the sport is fairly new, there is plenty of room for new tricks. Some of the basic tricks done today are standing, stand start, walking
, walking backwards, turns, drop knee, opposite turn around, and bounce walking. Some intermediate tricks include: moonwalk, throwing a disc around with someone from line-to-line, juggling, sit start, Buddha sit, mantle start, sitting down, lying down, jump start, cross-legged knee drop, surfing forward, surfing sideways, and jump turns, or "180s." Some of the advanced/expert tricks are: back flip landing on the line, jumps referred to as "ollies", tree plants, front flip dismount, back flip dismount, doing push-ups, tandem walking, the tandem pass, piggy-back rides across the line, jumping from line-to-line, and 360s.


                                                           Waterlining

       Waterlining is simply slacklining over water. This is an ideal way to learn new tricks, or to just have more fun. Common places to set up waterlines are over pools, lakes, rivers, creeks, between pier or railroad track pillars, and boat docks.
               
                                                         Highlining

     Highlining is slacklining at elevation above the ground or water. Many slackliners consider highlining to be the pinnacle of the sport. Highlines are commonly set up in locations that have been used or are still used for tyrolean traverse.When rigging highlines, experienced slackers take measures to ensure that solid, redundant and equalized anchors are used to secure the line into position. Modern highline rigging typically entails a mainline of webbing, backup webbing, and either climbing rope or amsteel rope for redundancy. It is also common to pad all areas of the rigging which might come in contact with abrasive surfaces. To ensure safety, most highliners wear a climbing harness or swami beltwith a leash attached to the slackline itself; however, unleashed walks of highlines are not unheard of.


                                                                Slackline Yoga




           Another form of slacklining is Slackline Yoga, also referred to as YogaSlacking or Slackasana. Slackline Yoga takes traditional yoga poses and moves them to the slackline. It has been described as "distilling the art of yogic concentration." To balance on a 1" piece of webbing lightly tensioned between two trees is not easy, and doing yoga poses on it is even more challenging. The practice has many layers, simultaneously developing focus, dynamic balance, power, breath, core integration, flexibility, and confidence. Utilizing standing postures, sitting postures, arm balances, kneeling postures, inversions and unique vinyasa, a skilled slackline yogi is able to create a flowing yoga practice without ever falling from the line.

           The yoga slackers are a group of slackliners and yogis who have contributed significantly to this art. In 2005, Sam Salwei and Jason Magness began demonstrating yoga poses on a slackline at the Yoga Journal conference in Estes Park. Since then, the members of team YogaSlackers have collectively taught over 5000 people to successfully embrace this form of amazing asana. They have developed a special slackline and simple tensioning system, allowing for practitioners to learn safely and experience the benefit of a wide range of dynamic energies while on the line. They teach workshops around the globe.

        Slackline Yoga has been reported in the wall street journal,yoga jornal and climbing magazine.



                                                            Freestyle slacklining




            Freestyle slacklining (a.k.a. “rodeo slacklining") is the art and practice of cultivating balance on a piece of rope or webbing draped slack between two anchor points, typically about 15 to 30 feet long and a couple feet off the ground in the center. This type of very "slack" slackline provides a wide array of opportunities for both swinging and static maneuvers. A freestyle slackline has no tension in it, while both traditional slacklines and tightropes are tensioned. This slackness in the rope or webbing allows it to swing at large amplitudes and adds a different dynamic.